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December 28, 2022 12:16 am GMT

Create and Read MS Word documents with ePython

In this article, I will show you how one can easily create and read Microsoft Word documents using InterSystems IRIS with the leverage power of embedded Python.

Setup

First things first, lets install the Python module called python-docx. There are a lot of modules to write MS Word files in Python. However, this one is the easiest one to use.

Just execute the following command on the terminal:

!pip3 install python-docx

If you are working with Docker, like I do, just add the following line to a Dockerfile

ENV PIP_TARGET=${ISC_PACKAGE_INSTALLDIR}/mgr/python RUN pip3 install python-docx

Lets Get Started!

Now that you have installed the module, lets create a very simple document. It will be a skeleton for a more complex document afterward.
To create an empty file, we use the following code:

ClassMethod CreateDocument(path as %String) [ Language = python ]{from docx import Documentdocument = Document()document.save(path + "document.docx")}

If you execute it, youll see that it will create an empty document.

Quick note:

Since python-docx creates .docx files, you dont have to use MS Word. BothGoogle Docs andLibreOffice are free alternatives that support .docx files, and they are just as good as the MS Office suite.

After creating an empty document, lets add headings and subheadings to its structure our document. To do that we will use theadd_heading()method.

hard

Theadd_heading()method accepts two arguments: the first one is the text, and the second one determines the style bylevel. There are 10 levels: 0 is the biggest one, while 9 is the smallest.

ClassMethod CreateDocument(path as %String) [ Language = python ]{from docx import Documentdocument = Document()document.add_heading('The Lord of the Donuts', 0)document.add_heading('best donut from middle earth', 2)document.save(path + "document.docx")}

The document.docx until now should look like this:

step1

Adding Images

To add an image to a word document we will useadd_picture()method.

The path to the image is passed as the first parameter.

ClassMethod Create(path As %String) [ Language = python ]{from docx import Documentdocument = Document()document.add_heading('The Lord of the Donuts', 0)document.add_heading('best donut from middle earth', 2)document.add_picture(path + "donut.png")document.save(path + "document.docx")}

Also, you can specify the width and height of the image. To resize the image, you might have to recalculate the values using dots-per-inch(dpi) format. However, python-docx has an auxiliary class called docx.shared that helps you to convert inches, centimeters, and millimeters.

document.add_picture(path + "donut.png", width=docx.shared.Inches(5), height=docx.shared.Inches(7))

step2

Writing Paragraphs

To begin writing paragraphs, you can use theadd_paragraph() method, as we did with headings.

ClassMethod Create(path As %String) [ Language = python ]{    from docx import Document    document = Document()    document.add_heading('The Lord of the Donuts', 0)    document.add_heading('best donut from middle earth', 2)    document.add_picture('/irisrun/repo/assets/donut.png')    document.add_paragraph('One donut to rule them all 
One donut to find them 
One donut to bring them all 
And in the darkness bind them')    document.save(path + "document.docx")}

Great, but how do we change the font size, style, and color?

Im glad you asked. We are going to need to add a run.

Run in Word is a sequence of characters, where all of them share the same character formatting.

So, lets add our paragraph object to a variable, and we add a run to that variable usingadd_run().

The first parameter is the text, and the second parameter is the style.

You can use such styles as bold, italic, subscript, underline, strike, double_strike, emboss, etc.

Lets break our paragraph into parts and apply a bold font to all words One, whereas for find them we will choose italics.

ClassMethod Create(path As %String) [ Language = python ]{    from docx import Document    document = Document()    document.add_heading('The Lord of the Donuts', 0)    document.add_heading('best donut from middle earth', 2)    document.add_picture(path + 'donut.png')    paragraph = document.add_paragraph('One donut to rule them all, 
')    paragraph.add_run('One').bold = True    paragraph.add_run(' donut to ')    paragraph.add_run('find them,').italic = True    paragraph.add_run(' One').bold = True    paragraph.add_run(' donut to bring them all, 
And with sugar bind them
')    document.save(path + "document.docx")}

Great! As you can seeRuns are small blocks to stylize.
To change the font, you just need to modify the font.name property from the run.

ClassMethod Create(path As %String) [ Language = python ]{    from docx import Document    document = Document()    document.add_heading('The Lord of the Donuts', 0)    document.add_heading('best donut from middle earth', 2)    document.add_picture(path + 'donut.png')    paragraph = document.add_paragraph('One donut to rule them all, 
')    paragraph.add_run('One').bold = True    paragraph.add_run(' donut to ')    paragraph.add_run('find them,').italic = True    paragraph.add_run(' One').bold = True    paragraph.add_run(' donut to bring them all, 
And with sugar bind them
')    run = paragraph.add_run('In the Land of Sprinkles where the sweetness lie')    run.font.name = 'Aharoni'    document.add_heading('How to order', 2)    document.add_paragraph('Start with a Coating,', style='List Number')    document.add_paragraph('Pick a Topping,', style='List Number')    document.add_paragraph('Choose a Drizzle', style='List Number')    document.save(path + "document.docx")}

step3

As you can see, the last line of the paragraph is written in a different font. Great, but there is a better way to improve the paragraph. All you need is to create a custom font style. To specify the style type, we need to import the WD_STYLE_TYPE enum from python-docx. Also, remember to import Pt class from shared to use it for the font size. After that, you should call the add_style and give a name to this new style. When adding the run to the paragraph, include the custom style name as the second parameter.

ClassMethod Create(path As %String) [ Language = python ]{    from docx import Document    from docx.enum.style import WD_STYLE_TYPE    from docx.shared import Pt    from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH    document = Document()    document.add_heading('The Lord of the Donuts', 0)    document.add_heading('best donut from middle earth', 2)    document.add_picture(path + 'donut.png')    paragraph = document.add_paragraph('One donut to rule them all, 
')    paragraph.add_run('One').bold = True    paragraph.add_run(' donut to ')    paragraph.add_run('find them,').italic = True    paragraph.add_run(' One').bold = True    paragraph.add_run(' donut to bring them all, 
And with sugar bind them
')    font_styles = document.styles    font_charstyle = font_styles.add_style('customStyle', WD_STYLE_TYPE.CHARACTER)    font_object = font_charstyle.font    font_object.size = Pt(15)    font_object.name = 'Book Antiqua'    run = paragraph.add_run('In the Land of Sprinkles where the sweetness lie','customStyle')    document.save(path + "document.docx")}

At this point the document should look like this:
step4

Creating Lists

If you want to create an ordered list, just add multiple paragraphs and select the style for the List Number as we did before.

        font_styles = document.styles    font_charstyle = font_styles.add_style('customStyle', WD_STYLE_TYPE.CHARACTER)    font_object = font_charstyle.font    font_object.size = Pt(15)    font_object.name = 'Book Antiqua'    run = paragraph.add_run('In the Land of Sprinkles where the sweetness lie','customStyle')    document.add_heading('How to order', 2)    document.add_paragraph('Start with a Coating,', style='List Number')    document.add_paragraph('Pick a Topping,', style='List Number')    document.add_paragraph('Choose a Drizzle', style='List Number')    document.save(path + "document.docx")

Its the same thing as Unordered Lists, but the style must use here will be List Bullet

        font_styles = document.styles    font_charstyle = font_styles.add_style('customStyle', WD_STYLE_TYPE.CHARACTER)    font_object = font_charstyle.font    font_object.size = Pt(15)    font_object.name = 'Book Antiqua'    run = paragraph.add_run('In the Land of Sprinkles where the sweetness lie','customStyle')    document.add_heading('How to order', 2)    document.add_paragraph('Start with a Coating,', style='List Number')    document.add_paragraph('Powndered Sugar', style='List Bullet')    document.add_paragraph('Glazed', style='List Bullet')    document.add_paragraph('Chocolate Icing', style='List Bullet')    document.add_paragraph('Pick a Topping,', style='List Number')    document.add_paragraph('Sprinkles Rainbow', style='List Bullet')    document.add_paragraph('Chopped Peanuts', style='List Bullet')    document.add_paragraph('Choose a Drizzle', style='List Number')    document.add_paragraph('Hot fudge', style='List Bullet')    document.add_paragraph('Marshmalow', style='List Bullet')    document.add_paragraph('Salted Caramel', style='List Bullet')    document.save(path + "document.docx")

Before moving on, we will require a fast refactoring of the code to make it look a little bit more "pythonish".

        font_styles = document.styles    font_charstyle = font_styles.add_style('customStyle', WD_STYLE_TYPE.CHARACTER)    font_object = font_charstyle.font    font_object.size = Pt(15)    run = paragraph.add_run('In the Land of Sprinkles where the sweetness lie','customStyle')    run.font.name = 'Book Antiqua'    steps = dict(coating = ['Powndered Sugar', 'Glazed', 'Chocolate Icing'],        topping = ['Sprinkles Rainbow','Chopped Peanuts'],        drizzle = ['Hot fudge', 'Marshmalow', 'Salted Caramel']    )    document.add_heading('How to order', 2)    document.add_paragraph('Start with a Coating,', style='List Number')    for coat in steps['coating']:        document.add_paragraph(coat, style='List Bullet')    document.add_paragraph('Pick a Topping,', style='List Number')    for top in steps['topping']:        document.add_paragraph(top, style='List Bullet')    document.add_paragraph('Choose a Drizzle', style='List Number')    for drizzle in steps['drizzle']:        document.add_paragraph(drizzle, style='List Bullet')    document.save(path + "document.docx")

With this latest modification, we can now see how the document has changed so far.

step5

Working with tables

Working with tables is a little bit different than everything else we have done until now.
Before we start working on tables, lets get the data.

Just import IRIS and pandas to the method and execute a simple SELECT.

from docx import Documentfrom docx.enum.style import WD_STYLE_TYPEfrom docx.shared import Ptimport irisimport pandas as pd###rs = iris.sql.exec('SELECT id, img, name, "desc" FROM dc_docx_sample.Donuts')

Now we need to add a table to the document by calling a method add_table() and defining how many columns we will require with the cols parameter and adding only one row for the header.

You can define a style for the table by setting style property. For this example, lets add a grid with the Table Grid style.

        table = document.add_table(rows=1, cols=4)    table.style = "Table Grid"

The table object has an array of rows with a sequence of table cells in each row. For each cell, we can merge them with other cells or add paragraphs with runs as mentioned before. We can also add another table (subtable), or simply add text. Lets populate the header row:

        table = document.add_table(rows=1, cols=4)    table.style = "Table Grid"    heading_row = table.rows[0].cells    heading_row[0].text = 'ID'    heading_row[1].text = 'Image'    heading_row[2].text = 'Product'    heading_row[3].text = 'Description'

Finally, using a for loop, populate each row with the data that we get. The trick is to add a paragraph and add_picture for the img property on the Donuts example class.

        rs = iris.sql.exec('SELECT id, img, name, "desc" FROM dc_docx_sample.Donuts')    df = rs.dataframe()    for idx in df.index:        row_cells = table.add_row().cells        row_cells[0].text = str(df['id'][idx])        image_cell = row_cells[1].add_paragraph('')        image_cell.add_run().add_picture(path + 'img/' + df['img'][idx])        row_cells[2].text = str(df['name'][idx])        row_cells[3].text = str(df['desc'][idx])

You can now output the document with the following table:

step6

Look's very good!

Reading MS Word Documents

Last but not least, its time to read some MS Word files!

In the assets folder on the repository, you can find three docx files. The first one, called dogs_tale.docx, is just a part of chapter one of a short story, written by Mark Twain.

step7

In the same way, we instantiate the object in the document when creating it. We are going to do it now. The only difference will be the file path and name on the constructor argument.

The paragraphs property is an array of paragraphs in the file in the document order.

Lets fetch all the paragraphs from the dogs_tale.docx and then display the total number of paragraphs:

ClassMethod DogsTale(path As %String) [ Language = python ]{    from docx import Document    doc = Document(path + "dogs_tale.docx")    print(len(doc.paragraphs))}

Nice!

As we have seen before, a Paragraph has a collection of runs. So, lets dissect the third paragraph of this file:

ClassMethod DogsTale(path As %String) [ Language = python ]{    from docx import Document    doc = Document(path + "dogs_tale.docx")    print(len(doc.paragraphs))    p = doc.paragraphs[2]    for run in p.runs:        aux = ''        if (run.bold): aux = '// has Bold style'        if (run.italic): aux = '// has Italic style'        print(run.text, aux + '
')}

Note that we can get direct access to the third paragraph by index (remember that Python array of elements starts at 0)

Finally, we can get the complete text of the document and print it as an array:

ClassMethod DogsTale(path As %String) [ Language = python ]{    from docx import Document    doc = Document(path + "dogs_tale.docx")    print(len(doc.paragraphs))    p = doc.paragraphs[2]    for run in p.runs:        aux = ''        if (run.bold): aux = '// has Bold style'        if (run.italic): aux = '// has Italic style'        print(run.text, aux + '
')    fulltext = []    for p in doc.paragraphs:        fulltext.append(p.text)    print(fulltext)}

step8

The last thing we can do to spice it up a little bit is to read the table on order.docx

step9

ClassMethod Read(path As %String) [ Language = python ]{    from docx import Document    doc = Document(path + "order.docx")    fulltext = []    for p in doc.paragraphs:        fulltext.append(p.text)    print(fulltext)    tables = doc.tables    data = {}    cols = {}    for table in tables:        key = None        for i, row in enumerate(table.rows):            for col, cell in enumerate(row.cells):                text = cell.text                if i == 0:                    cols[col] = text                    data[text] = []                    continue                data[cols[col]].append(text)    print(data)}

Lets make a template

It would be a fun exercise to practice everything we have learned so far by making a template. A template is a document that contains a "boilerplate" text that does not change. The input parameter for the information you want to replace will be in the following format:

{{input_parameter}}

In the assets folder on the repository, you can find the third file called template.docx

step10

As we did before, let's instantiate the document by passing the file with the path in the constructor argument.

Then, let's define the dictionary, where we will select the parameter names and values.

ClassMethod Template(path As %String) [ Language = python ]{    from docx import Document     dict = {"company_name": "Mordor co",        "name": "Saruman the White",        "employee_name": "Radagast the Brown",        "employee_job_title": "magician",        "job_title": "wizard",        "quality": "wise",        "recipient_name": "Gandalf the Gray"        }    regex1 = re.compile(r"\{\{(.*?)\}\}")     doc = Document(path + "template.docx")}

Now create a Python function to search a pattern into paragraphs and runs to replace it with the dictionary when found.

ClassMethod Template(path As %String) [ Language = python ]{    import re     from docx import Document     def docx_replace_regex(doc_obj, regex, dict):         for p in doc_obj.paragraphs:             for r in p.runs:                arr = regex.findall(r.text)                for word in arr:                    r.text = r.text.replace('{{'+word+'}}', dict[word])    dict = {"company_name": "Mordor co",        "name": "Saruman the White",        "employee_name": "Radagast the Brown",        "employee_job_title": "magician",        "job_title": "wizard",        "quality": "wise",        "recipient_name": "Gandalf the Gray"        }    regex1 = re.compile(r"\{\{(.*?)\}\}")     doc = Document(path + "template.docx")    docx_replace_regex(doc, regex1, dict)     doc.save(path + 'result1.docx')}

Let me add a quick explanation to those who are new to Python. This little 'r' before the quote means "raw string literal", in which a backslash, for example, means "just a backslash". You dont need any escape sequences to represent a new line, tabs, etc.

step11

Conclusion

The article covers the process of writing MS Word files, adding a paragraph, runs, headers, and images to MS Word documents. Finally, how to read paragraphs and runs has been explained too.

If you want to go deep, I strongly recommend taking a look at the official documentation of python-docx

Please do reach out to me with all the suggestions, comments, and feedback you may have, I'll be glad to answer you.

Github link to this code

Thanks for reading.


Original Link: https://dev.to/intersystems/create-and-read-ms-word-documents-with-epython-aen

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