Introduction

If you are working on a big project which would take long time, repository manager is the thing which can save you a lot of time and effort.

Let's say you are building a Java-Maven application. It uses Maven Central Repository for resolving dependencies. Now if you want to use a package not provided by Java by default, you need to get it from Maven Central. With repository managers, these packages are stored in the repository manager itself so you don't have to look for different packages at different places.

What is a Repository Manager?

A Repository manager is a dedicated server location which is used to manage all the repositories an development team will need throughout the development cycle.

We can consider Repository Manager as a Warehouse for parts. Just as a Warehouse serves as a centralized location for storage of parts and manages receiving, sending and everything in between, a Repository Manager manages all the parts involved in the software development process.

Repository v/s Repository Manager

A Repository is a storage location where components like artifacts, binaries or containers are retrieved so they can be installed or used whereas a **Repository Manager **is a dedicated application which manages all of your internal or proxy repositories.

Why do you need it?

Let's say you work in a company which is working upon multiple projects. Few of which are build using Java, .NET and Python. Each of these will produce different types of artifacts. Now you'll need different software to store each of them. A Repository manager solves this problem and provides a centralized platform to store all the components involved in the software development process. Few of the other features of a repository manager are :

Saving time and bandwidth due to reduced number of downloads off remote repositories.

Backup and Restore

Cleanup Policies

Search Functionality

Multi-format support

Why Nexus Repository Manager?

Nexus Repository Manager is a FREE-to-use artifact repository manager by Sonatype. It supports a wide variety of formats like APT, NuGET, Maven and Docker. List of all supported formats can be found here.

Now that you know what Nexus Repository Manager is, let me show you how to configure it on a cloud server. We'll configure Nexus on Digital Ocean Droplet(cloud server) for this blog but you can do the same on almost any other cloud service. Click here to get a FREE $100 credit on Digital Ocean for 60 days.

Configuring Nexus on Digital Ocean Droplet

STEP 1 : Create a Droplet (cloud server)

I've chosen Ubuntu 20.04 LTS but you are free to use distribution of your choice. You can choose the datacenter region which is nearest to your location. In my case it's Bangalore. You can use Password Authentication(less secure) or SSH keys(more secure) for authentication.

Note : Make sure you choose 8 GB/ 4 vCPUs droplet because Nexus takes up a ton of memory and has high CPU usage at times.

STEP 2 : Log in to the droplet using it's public IP address

If you used SSH key Authentication, you won't be prompted for password but if you used Password Authentication, you need to enter your password to authenticate yourself.

Note : The default user for any digital ocean droplet is root.

ssh root@<IP_address>

STEP 3 : Install Java version 8 and networking tools.

Nexus repository manager requires Java version 8 to be installed to run.

We'll use netstat utility to check which port our application is listening to for which we need net-tools package to be installed.

To install Java version 8 and net-tools use the command :

apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless -yapt install net-tools

To check if Java is properly installed, use the command :

java -version

The above command must give the output :

openjdk version "1.8.0_312"OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_312-8u312-b07-0ubuntu1~20.04-b07)OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.312-b07, mixed mode)

STEP 4: Download Nexus Repository Manager and untar it.

To download Nexus Repository manager in /opt use command :

cd /optwget https://download.sonatype.com/nexus/3/nexus-3.38.1-01-unix.tar.gz

To untar it, use the command :

tar -zxvf nexus-3.38.1-01-unix.tar.gz

After executing the above commands, when executing the command ls(list files and directories) , it must have 2 new directories namely nexus-3.38.1-01 and sonatype-work.

root@ubuntu-s-4vcpu-8gb-intel-blr1-01:/opt# lsdigitalocean  nexus-3.38.1-01  nexus-3.38.1-01-unix.tar.gz  sonatype-work

STEP 5: Create a new user nexus, give it appropriate permissions and change nexus configuration to run as a nexus user.

Note : Services should not run with Root user permissions.

Best Practice : Create a new user for each service.

To create a new user nexus, use the command :

adduser nexus

It will ask for user information and password. To skip filling some values, press Enter key.

root@ubuntu-s-4vcpu-8gb-intel-blr1-01:~# adduser nexusAdding user `nexus' ...Adding new group `nexus' (1000) ...Adding new user `nexus' (1000) with group `nexus' ...Creating home directory `/home/nexus' ...Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...New password:Retype new password:passwd: password updated successfullyChanging the user information for nexusEnter the new value, or press ENTER for the default        Full Name []: Nexus        Room Number []:        Work Phone []:        Home Phone []:        Other []:Is the information correct? [Y/n] Y

Change the ownership of directories nexus-3.38.1-01 and sonatype-work from root to nexus. To do so, use the command :

cd /optchown -R nexus:nexus nexus-3.38.1-01/chown -R nexus:nexus sonatype-work/

To check if the ownership was changed, use the command :

ls -l

It must output :

drwxr-xr-x  4 root  root  4096 Apr  3 05:51 digitaloceandrwxr-xr-x 10 nexus nexus 4096 Apr  3 17:26 nexus-3.38.1-01drwxr-xr-x  3 nexus nexus 4096 Apr  3 17:26 sonatype-work

To change nexus configuration to run as a nexus user, open the file nexus.rc using :

vim nexus-3.38.1-01/bin/nexus.rc

Replace it's contents with :

run_as_user="nexus"

STEP 6: Login as nexus and start nexus service

To switch user from root to nexus, use the command su - <user_name>.

su - nexus

Now, to start nexus, use the command :

/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/bin/nexus start

It must give the output :

nexus@ubuntu-s-4vcpu-8gb-intel-blr1-01:~$ /opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/bin/nexus startStarting nexus

To check if it started successfully or not, type :

ps aux | grep nexus

It must give the output :

nexus@ubuntu-s-4vcpu-8gb-intel-blr1-01:~$ ps aux | grep nexusroot       20134  0.0  0.0  10132  3868 pts/0    S    19:08   0:00 su - nexusnexus      20137  0.0  0.0  10028  5092 pts/0    S    19:08   0:00 -bashnexus      20353  170 24.3 6618988 1986448 pts/0 Sl   19:10   3:13 /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java -server -Dinstall4j.jvmDir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre -Dexe4j.moduleName=/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/bin/nexus -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -Dinstall4j.launcherId=245 -Dinstall4j.swt=false -Di4jv=0 -Di4jv=0 -Di4jv=0 -Di4jv=0 -Di4jv=0 -Xms2703m -Xmx2703m -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=2703m -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -XX:+LogVMOutput -XX:LogFile=../sonatype-work/nexus3/log/jvm.log -XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Dkaraf.home=. -Dkaraf.base=. -Dkaraf.etc=etc/karaf -Djava.util.logging.config.file=etc/karaf/java.util.logging.properties -Dkaraf.data=../sonatype-work/nexus3 -Dkaraf.log=../sonatype-work/nexus3/log -Djava.io.tmpdir=../sonatype-work/nexus3/tmp -Dkaraf.startLocalConsole=false -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.endorsed.dirs=lib/endorsed -Di4j.vpt=true -classpath /opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/.install4j/i4jruntime.jar:/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/lib/boot/nexus-main.jar:/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/lib/boot/activation-1.1.1.jar:/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/lib/boot/jakarta.xml.bind-api-2.3.3.jar:/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/lib/boot/jaxb-runtime-2.3.3.jar:/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/lib/boot/txw2-2.3.3.jar:/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/lib/boot/istack-commons-runtime-3.0.10.jar:/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/lib/boot/org.apache.karaf.main-4.3.6.jar:/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/lib/boot/osgi.core-7.0.0.jar:/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/lib/boot/org.apache.karaf.specs.activator-4.3.6.jar:/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/lib/boot/org.apache.karaf.diagnostic.boot-4.3.6.jar:/opt/nexus-3.38.1-01/lib/boot/org.apache.karaf.jaas.boot-4.3.6.jar com.install4j.runtime.launcher.UnixLauncher start 9d17dc87 0 0 org.sonatype.nexus.karaf.NexusMainnexus      20778  0.0  0.0  10616  3300 pts/0    R+   19:12   0:00 ps auxnexus      20779  0.0  0.0   8160   732 pts/0    S+   19:12   0:00 grep --color=auto nexus

In my case the process with process ID 20353. By default it is accessible on the port 8081. We can check it using the command :

netstat -lpnt

It would give the output :

nexus@ubuntu-s-4vcpu-8gb-intel-blr1-01:~$ netstat -lpnt(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)Active Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program nametcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8081            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      20353/javatcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:44945         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      20353/javatcp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      -

We can confirm from the above output that 20353/java(nexus service) is accessible at port 8081.

If it doesn't show up in your case, give it some time(atleast 5 min) before restarting
the service.

Accessing Nexus from Browser

We can access Nexus from Browser but for that we need to configure the firewall of our droplet to allow incoming requests to port 8081.

To do so,

Click on the droplet

Open Networking section

Scroll down to the bottom and click on Edit button under Firewall

Click on Create Firewall

Name the Firewall rule

Under inbound rules(rules for incoming requests), create a new Custom rule. Let the protocol be TCP and change the port to 8081. Remove All IPv4 and All IPv6 from sources and put your Public IP address in that field because you don't want your nexus service to be accessible to anyone.

You can get your Public IP address from the URL :

https://ifconfig.me/

Now to access it from your browser, open up your browser and in the address bar type:

<Droplet's_IPv4>:8081

for example it's 143.110.189.99:8081 in my case where 143.110.189.99 is my Droplet's IPv4 and 8081 is the port number.

Congratulations! You're all set to use Nexus in your Browser.

Conclusion

If you learnt something new from this blog, make sure you give it a like, share and follow me on the platform. Also, feel free to connect with me on Twitter. Thank you for reading!