Mixing Up Illustration: Combining Analog And Digital Techniques

In the digital age, dont forget to use your digits! Your hands are the original digital devices

— Lynda Barry

People often ask how I arrived at a finished illustration. Honestly, its different every time, but it always starts with a hand-drawn sketch. Sometimes, I paint it completely by hand; sometimes Ill scan in a pencil drawing. Many of my pieces are 100% analog that Ill show only at shops or galleries. Use anything you can; if the illustration would work as a wood carving, go that route. There are concrete steps one can take, but they certainly dont have to be the same every time. My goal is to take a sketch or idea as far as it can go — and also, to get out of my comfort zone and challenge myself with every new job. For this article, Ill use handcrafted brushes and Photoshop as my tools.

Sketching It Out

Concepting for me always starts with pencil and paper. If there is one consistent element through all of my pieces, its sketching. I love to draw. If I could establish and execute everything with a single pencil drawing, I would. The best thing to do is keep some type of sketchbook or journal with you as much as possible. Milton Glaser said it best: Drawing is visual thinking. Drawing creates many possibilities for any idea you might have. Its then when the characters personality starts to emerge. Then, Ill add some volume to the sketch to show where the textures should really come through.

Researching

This is the most underestimated part of the process, but one of the most important. Here, were assessing the sketch. What textures would work? What colors would work? It helps to look at your influences.

Some artists who always inspire me are Mary Blair, Alice Provensen, Charley Harper, Maurice Noble and Eyvind Earle. And there are so many ways now to catalog and bookmark historical artwork.

Also, if Im drawing an elephants skin, or wood on a camera, or a band on a helmet, Ill want to take a close look at the real thing. Google Images is quick, but if I have time Ill run to the library. Sometimes I do this as soon as I have an idea. Really seeing what youll be working with helps.

Crafting Your Own Brushes

I do this because I want my brushes to be my own. Many great websites out there offer textured brushes for Photoshop. For me, the more unique these brushes, the better. Based on my sketch and research, I will have some idea of what I want to capture. Ill use oil pastels, paint, paper towels, charcoal and anything else. Its all about being resourceful — use everything. One more thing: when making brushes, the grittier the paper, the better. The more tooth it has, the more the marks will scan. It is for this reason alone I have to clean my scanner all the time.

Some rough crosshatching for the elephants skin, with an oil pastel on drawing paper.

Scanning It All In

Scan everything: the initial sketch, the textures, anything youve made to this point. Ill keep anything that I dont use at this point in a library, possibly to use for something else. Ive set the scanner to 600 DPI at Millions of colors. If your scanner has a Sharpen setting, crank it to High. You can scan the sketches in black and white at 1200 DPI, or in grayscale since the brushes will be black and white. Ive set the colors to High so that I can archive the files and use them for something else. Once everything has been scanned, lets open the images in Photoshop.

Here is a scan of my original sketch. I scanned it in at 300 DPI because I will eventually be printing this piece.

If you scan as black and white, you wont need to worry about adjusting the levels. Ive scanned in color, so Ill increase the black and white values in Photoshop. The levels can be found in Images → Adjustments → Levels.

Defining Brushes In Photoshop

I recommend making each one of these brushes a separate file. For the resolution, you can go up to 2500 × 2500. It really depends on what the finished piece needs to be. For this exercise, Ill select a portion of the scan and define a brush from it.

From the menu drop-down, go to Edit and then Define Brush.

Now that we have created a brush, we can name it. It will be added to our Brush palette.

You can view the Brush palette by selecting the Brush tool. Look at the options toolbar, and youll see a thumbnail of the brush; you can pull this down to view the entire palette. From the menu arrow in the top right, you can save brushes youve created. Brushes are saved in Photoshops Presets/Brushes folder. You can also load brushes from this menu as well.

Selecting A Color Palette

Now that our brush set is in order, lets start painting. For the color palette, Ive researched my idols. Mary Blair and Alice Provensen are masters of color and shape. I always look at their use of color and design. Again, this is why research is so important. Study the people you admire, and analyze why you admire their work. I really like a somewhat muted palette, with some small areas of intense color. In my scanned sketch, Ive added another layer and sampled the colors Id like to use.

Making Shapes And Painting

Lets go to the Paths menu and draw the shapes that we want to paint. From here, we create a New Path using the Pen tool, to define the shapes that we established in the sketch. So, lets open the sketch that we scanned, select the Pen tool from the toolbar, and select New Path from the Path menu. Once the Path is saved, we use the Path tool (which is the Pen tool), and start tracing out our shapes. The image below shows all the paths Ive created that I intend to paint.

Lets start by painting the shape that will be the background. From the toolbar, select the Path tool, and select a specific path.

Now that weve selected a Path, we can create a selection from that path. To do this, select from the pull-down menu on the right in the Paths menu. Youll see an option named Make Selection.

Once thats selected, a dialog box will pop up asking for a radius to feather the selection; 0 is fine. Also, enable Anti-aliased and New Selection.

Now that we have a selection, we can Create a New Layer. This layer will be specific to this shape. Well end up with many layers for each shape, but they will give us the flexibility to edit down the road.

Now that we have a new layer, and the Path is a selection, we can use a brush from the brush set that we created. Also, Im still using the colors from the palette that I created earlier.

Heres where the research, brush creation and painting all come together. Lets paint the path on a New Layer, using the steps described above.

Painting within the shapes youve defined is a chance to experiment. You can try all kinds of things, like making the brush more transparent or painting over other textures. For me, its a lot of trial and error. This image below is a close-up of the brush Im painting with.

After many painted layers, I end up with a piece that is digitally painted with hand-crafted brushes.

Other Resources

You might be interested in the following articles and related resources:

• Illustrations of Alice and Martin Provensen
  Alice and Martin Provensen were a husband-and-wife illustration team. They wrote and illustrated numerous childrens books, including many little and giant golden books from the 40s until Martins death in 1987. Alice continues to work as an illustrator.
• How to Steal Like an Artist
  An excellent article on creativity and life by the brilliant Austin Kleon.
• The Drawn Blog
  A daily source of inspiration for illustration, animation, cartooning, and comic art.
• Todays Inspiration
  A great source for inspiration and the history of Illustration by Professor Leif Peng.

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David Mottram for Smashing Magazine, 2011.