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The difference between Service Classes and Traits in PHP
Service Classes
A service class is a class that performs some business logic that you want to use in various places. It is any PHP object that performs some sort of a "global" task.
When code does not naturally fit into one class or another nicely then you have a candidate for a service. For example, there may be a mailing service or a user creation service. These are tasks that need to be repeated over and over again in different places. This makes them good candidates for a service class.
Some ideas for service classes:
- Service class responsible for sending SMS via Twilio.
- Service class responsible for sending Emails via Mailgun (Newsletter Service).
- Service class responsible for connecting to UptimeRobot APIs and retrieving data.
- Service class responsible for cropping, watermarking, and storing images on the server or cloud.
Example of a Service Class (in Laravel)
Here is an example of the App\Services\UptimeRobotAPI.php service class that is responsible for connecting to the UptimeRobot API and retrieving data:
<?phpnamespace App\Services;use GuzzleHttp\Client;class UptimeRobotAPI{ protected string $url; protected string $http; protected array $headers; public function __construct (Client $client) { $this->url = 'https://api.uptimerobot.com/v2/'; $this->http = $client; $this->headers = [ 'cache-control' => 'no-cache', 'content-type' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', ]; } private function getResponse (string $uri = NULL) { // Making a GET request to UptimeRobot API using GuzzleHttp... } private function postResponse (string $uri = NULL, array $params = []) { // Making a POST request to UptimeRobot API using GuzzleHttp... } public function getMonitors () { return $this->getResponse('getMonitors'); }}The UptimeRobotAPI service is now can be used like so:
<?phpnamespace App\Http\Controllers;use App\Services\UptimeRobotAPI;class MonitorsController extends Controller{ public function showMonitors (UptimeRobotAPI $uptimeRobotAPI) { $monitors = $uptimeRobotAPI->getMonitors(); return view('monitors.index', compact('monitors')); }}Traits
A trait is a set of methods that you want to reuse across multiple classes, but can't because those classes extend to different parents. Traits are a language construct and were created because PHP does not support multi-class extensions.
Example of a Trait (in Laravel)
Here is an example of the app/Traits/ApiResponder.php trait I often use when developing Laravel applications:
<?phpnamespace App\Traits;use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;trait ApiResponder{ public function successResponse ($data, int $code = Response::HTTP_OK): JsonResponse { return response()->json([ 'data' => $data, 'code' => $code, ], $code)->header('Content-Type', 'application/json'); } public function errorResponse ($error, int $code): JsonResponse { return response()->json([ 'error' => $error, 'code' => $code, ], $code)->header('Content-Type', 'application/json'); }}Once the trait is created, you can import it as follows:
<?phpnamespace App\Http\Controllers;use App\Traits\ApiResponder;use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\DispatchesJobs;use Illuminate\Foundation\Validation\ValidatesRequests;use Illuminate\Routing\Controller as BaseController;class Controller extends BaseController{ use AuthorizesRequests, DispatchesJobs, ValidatesRequests, ApiResponder; // ...}Once the trait is imported it is ready to use:
<?phpnamespace App\Http\Controllers;use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;class TwilioSettingsController extends Controller{ public function fetchSettings (): JsonResponse { $response = TwilioSettings::getSettings(); return $this->successResponse($response); }}The end. I hope you found this article helpful. Stay tuned for more content!
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Original Link: https://dev.to/andrewsavetchuk/the-difference-between-service-classes-and-traits-in-php-41jm
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