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March 28, 2022 10:44 pm GMT

Selection and Iteration in C

Selection Statements

Selection statements are used to choose among alternative actions.

if

if( Condition ){    Action;}
if(grade >= 60){    puts("Passed");}

if .. else

if(Condition){    Action_1;}else{    Action_2;}
if(grade >= 60){    puts("Passed");}else{    puts("Failed");}

if .. elseif

if(Condition_1){    Action_1;}else if(Condition_2){    Action_2;}else if(Condition_3){    Action_3;}else{    Action_4;}
if(grade >= 90){    puts("A");}else if(grade >= 80){    puts("B");}else if(grade >= 70){    puts("C");}else if(grade >= 60){    puts("D");}else{    puts("F");}

switch

switch(Condition){case 1:    Action_1;    break;case 2:    Action_2;    break;case 3:    Action_3;    break;default:    Action_4;    break;}
switch(mark){case 'A':    puts("Student got excellent grade");    break;case 'B':    puts("Student got very good grade");    break;case 'C':    puts("Student got good degree grade");    break;case 'D':    puts("Student got fair grade");    break;default:    puts("Student should retake the exam");    break;}

Conditional Operator

This is the only C ternary operator. It is used in place where if .. else can't.

Condition ? True Action : False Action;
grade >= 60 ? puts("Pass") : puts("Fail");//orputs(grade >= 60 ? "Pass" : "Fail");

Iteration Statements

An iteration statement (repetition statement or loop) allows you to specify that an action is to be repeated while some condition remains true.

while

while(Continuation_Condition){    Action;}
while(grade < 60){    puts("Retake the exam");}

do .. while

do{    Action;}while(Continuation_Condition);
do{    //do the action once at least before check the condition    puts("Start the Exam");}while(grade < 60>);

for

for(Initialization; Continuation_Condition; Increment){    Action;}
for(int i = 1; i <= 10; i++){    printf("%d ", i);}

Iteration Types

  1. Counter-Controlled
  2. Sentinel-Controlled

Counter-Controlled Iteration

We know in advance exactly how many times the loop will be executed.

Sentinel-Controlled Iteration

We don't know in advance how many times the loop will be executed. We use sentinel value (flag value) to indicated "End of Data" entry.


Original Link: https://dev.to/ahmedgouda/selection-and-iteration-in-c-37d4

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