Object Oriented Programming in Java

Object-oriented programming helps us with data security, code reusability, and also helps us to improve code readability.
Let us see and Understand different Object-oriented concepts with code examples.

1.Abstraction

->Means showing only essential parts and hiding the implementation details.
->Only the functionality will be provided to the user,
in other words user will have the information on what the object
does instead how it does.
->Here we will be hiding the details of our class from the outside world.What happens within the class will not be known to the outside users.

abstract class Car{    abstract void run();}class Baleno extends Car{    void run()    {        System.out.println("drive car safely");    }}public class Main{    public static void main(String args[])    {       Car c = new Baleno();       c.run();    }}

2.Encapsulation

->Binding variables and methods under a single entity.
->Or It is a mechanism of wrapping the data(variables) and code acting on the data(methods) together in a single unit. Data (variables) present inside class can be accessed only through methods of the current class.Therefore it is also known as data hiding,
To achieve encapsulation in java
->Declare the variables as private : if we declare variables as private then it will not be visible to the outside world.
-> If we want to access these private variables then,
Provide public setter and getter methods to modify and view the variables values.

class Student{    private String sname;    public String getName()    {        return sname;    }    public void setName(String name)    {        sname = name;    }}public class Main{    public static void main(String args[])    {        Student f1 = new Student();        f1.setName("Vindhya");        System.out.println(f1.getName());    }}

3.Inheritence

->Acquiring properties of one class to another class.
->If we consider parent class and child class ,then child class
will acquire the Properties of Parent class.
->Parent class is also known as Base class and Super class.
Child class is also known as derived class and subclass.
->In general children will acquire the properties of their parent
that is example for inheritance

class Base{   void method1()   {       System.out.println("Parent class");   }   }class Derived extends Base{    void method2()    {        System.out.println("Child class");    }}public class Main{    public static void main(String args[])    {         Derived d = new Derived();         d.method1();         d.method2();    }}

4.Polymorphism

->The ability of an Object to take many forms
->Performing the same task in different ways.
->here task means method.Polymorphism is a combination of two
different words poly means many and morphs means forms.
->Finally polymorphism gives the meaning of many forms

class Multiply{    static int multiply(int a,int b)    {        return a*b;    }    static double multiply(double a, double b)    {        return a*b;    }}public class Main{    public static void main(String args[])    {        System.out.println(Multiply.multiply(2,3));        System.out.println(Multiply.multiply(1.1,2.1));    }}

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