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Docker from the crust to the core, what and how it Works
In the beginning, you should know that docker has a fundamental concept nowadays and a container is a useful tool for packing, shipping and running applications without the need for specific hardware or software, but before the start, we must know the difference between "Virtual machine" (VM) and "Container"
What are the containers and VMs?
first, the goal for the two is the same and it is Isolate an application and its dependencies in a standalone unit that can run anywhere
Virtual Machines:A VM is an emulation of a real computer that works and executes programs like a real computer. VMs run on top of a physical machine using a hypervisor.
hypervisor:is a piece of software or hardware that is used to control the functioning of virtual machines. Hypervisors themselves run on physical computers, referred to as the "host machine." Hypervisors provide the virtual hardware resources they need like RAM and CPU. These resources are split between VMs. So if a virtual machine is running a heavy application, the hypervisor will allocate more resources to it and the virtual machine does not have direct access to the hardware only by the hypervisor.
Containers:The one big difference between containers and VMs is that containerssharethe host systems kernel with other containers, unlike the VMs that everyone uses its operating system, This means that each container has a separate workspace from the other containers resource and shares the host kernel with other containers.
What are the docker components?
- Docker Engine
- Docker Client
- Docker Daemon
- Dockerfile
- Docker Image
- Union File Systems
- Volumes
- Docker Containers
- Docker Registry
How does Docker work?
Docker Engine:
is the layer on which Docker runs. Its main responsibility manages containers, images, builds, and more
Docker Client:
it the layer for the user to communicate with the docker Daemon its like a UI for Docker.
Docker Daemon:
runs in the host computer, execute the commands sent by the Docker Client - like creating, running, and distributing containers.
Dockerfile:
The Docker File is where we write the steps or instructions to create a Docker Image. Some types of instructions:
- ENV for creating environment variables > ENV API-URLwww.example.com
- RUN for executing commands > RUN apt-get -y update
- COPY files from out or in docker workspace dir to another director > COPY . /usr/src/my-app
Docker Image:
A Docker image is a file consisting of multiple layers. These layers created with instructions from Dockerfile. This image is used to implement the code in a Docker container. An image is a complete, executable version of an application that, when a Docker user launches an image, it can become one or multiple instances of that container and images are read-only, Docker adds a read-write file system over the read-only file system of the image to create a container.
Union File Systems:
It's used to create images, and Docker images stored as a series of read-only layers. When we start the container, Docker takes the read-only image and adds a read-write layer on top. If the container in progress modifies an existing file, then the file is copied from the base read-only layer to the top-level read-write layer where the changes are applied.
Volumes:
They are directories (or files) outside of the default Union file system and exist as regular directories and files on the host file system to be able to save data as well as share data between containers.
Docker container:
The Docker container encapsulates the application software so that it contains everything the application needs to run. It includes application icon, operating system, runtime, system tools, system libraries, etc. Docker containers were created from Docker images. Docker creates a network interface so the container can talk to the localhost, attach an available IP address to the container, and perform the operation you specified to run your application when the image was selected. Once the container has been created, you can run it in any environment without the need to make changes
Docker Registry:
It's a server-side application that stores and lets you distribute Docker images. The registry is open source and We use it to:
- Control tightly where your images are stored
- be the owner for the image publish pipeline
- Integrate image storage and deployment tightly into your internal development workflow
Conclusion:
In the end, Docker is a very powerful technology that every software developer should learn and use because there is no limit as before to run applications on specific requirements for software or hardware.
Original Link: https://dev.to/ahmedatefae/docker-from-the-crust-to-the-core-what-and-how-it-works-3l50
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